Seed Quality of Velvet Bean Seeds (Mucuna pruriens L. Dc) in Western Kenya
Keywords:
morphology, Electrical conductivity, Germination, Imbibition, Velvet bean
Abstract
Farmers in Bungoma County are actively involved in velvet bean (Mucuna pruriens L. DC) production due to its multiple uses. It can be used to improve soil fertility, nutrition, drought tolerance, pest and disease tolerance, food security and medicinal. Variation in seed characteristics has been reported to be useful for crop improvement programs. However, production of quality seed is a challenge for farmers in this county. The purpose of this research was to investigate the quality of velvet bean seed. Four types of velvet bean seeds were obtained from farmers during a survey. Morphological variability in seed characteristics like seed coat color, hilum color, seed length, width and thickness (IBPGR descriptor) were evaluated in four replications of 50 seeds each. Fifty seeds replicated 3 times were used to determine the electrical conductivity (EC) for each seed type. Germination test of these seeds was laid out in a CRD. To investigate the dynamics and rates of imbibition, thirty seeds replicated 3 times for each seed type were subjected to temperatures of 20, 25, 30, 30/20°C and in ambient condition during a germination test. Data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) using GENSTAT software release 14.1 and the mean separations was done using least significant difference (LSD) at 5%. Pearson correlation coefficient was used to analyze seed traits of the morphotypes. Germination percentage data was analyzed using Microsoft Office (Excel) V.2013. There were significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) among seed types in all seed traits measured except seed coat thickness. White seed type recorded a lower electrical conductivity (more vigorous), higher final germination percentage, higher speed of germination index and higher imbibition rate at 30°C for both substratum (sand and filter paper) than other seed types. This study therefore recommends that the barriers to germination in dark colored seed types need to be addressed by seed scientists to improve velvet bean seed quality at farm level hence increase the production. Further study can be done on genetic and physiological properties of velvet bean black seed type in order to improve its germination capacity.
References
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Ashraf, M. and Foolad, M.R. (2005). Pre-sowing seed treatment-a shotgun approach to improve germination, plant growth and crop yield under saline and non-saline conditions. Adv. Agron., 88: 223-271.
Baskin, J.M., Baskin, C.C., Li, X. (2000). Taxonomy, anatomy and evolution of physical dormancy in seeds. Plant Species Biology, 15: 139–152.
Bobrov, A. V. F. C., Melikian, A. P., Romanov, M. S., Sorokin, A. N. (2004). Seed morphology and anatomy of Austrotaxusspicata (Taxaceae) and its systematic position. Bot J Linn Soc 145: 437–443 4.
Chachalis, D, Smith, M. L. (2000). Imbibition behavior of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merril) accessions with different testa characteristics. Seed Sci. Technol., 28: 321-331.
De Souza, F.D., Marcos-Filho J. (2001). The seed coat as a modulator of seed-environment relationships in Fabaceae. RevistaBrasileira de Botanica, 4: 365–375.
Debeaujon, I., Léon-Kloosterziel, K. M. and Koornneef, M. (2000). “Influence of the testa on seed dormancy, germination, and longevity in Arabidopsis,” Plant Physiology, vol. 122 (2): 403–413, 2000.View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar.
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Ertekin, M. and Kirdar, E. (2010). Effects of seed coat colour on seed characteristics of honeylocust (Gleditsiatriacanthos). African Journal of Agricultural Research Vol. 5(17), pp. 2434-2438, 4 September, 2010 Available online at http://www.academicjournals.org/AJAR ISSN 1991-637X ©2010 Academic Journals.
FAO (2011). Grassland Index. A searchable catalogue of grass and forage legumes. Feedipedia, (2014). Velvet bean (Mucuna Pruriens). http://www.feedipedia. org/node/270 Date of access: 20 April 2014.
Forbis, T.A.; Floyd, S.K.; Queiroz, A. (2002). The evolution of embryo size in angiosperms and other seed plants: implications for the evolution of seed dormancy. Evolution. 56(11): 2112-2125.
Gilvaneide A. A., Paula D., César R. D.; Valeri V. S. (2016). Electrical conductivity in Piptadenia moniliformis Benth. Seed lots classified by size and color Revista Árvore, vol. 40(5), 855-866. Universidade Federal de Viçosa Viçosa, Brasil. ISSN:0100-6762. Disponible en: https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=48848756009.
Golubinova, I., &Vasilevska-Ivanova, R. (2008). Temperature effect on seed imbibition in Sorghum. Comptes Rendus de L’Academie Bulgare des Sciences, 61, 1491‑1496.
Hamilton, K.N.; Offord, C.A.; Cuneo, P.; Deseo, M.A. (2013). A comparative study of seed morphology in relation to desiccation tolerance and other physiological responses in 71 Eastern Australian rainforest species. Plant Species Biology. 28: 51-62.
Hanna, P. (2006). Anatomical features of the seed coat of Acacia kempeana (Mueller) which relate to increased germination rate induced by heat treatment. New Phytologist, 96, 23‑29. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.1984.tb03539.x.
Hassan, N. M. S., Meve, U., Liede-schumann, S. (2005). Seed coat morphology of Aizoaceae-Sesuvioideae, Gisekiaceae and Molluginaceae and its systematic significance. Bot J Linn Soc 148: 189–206 5.
Hidayati, S. N., Baskin, J. M., & Baskin, C. C. (2001). Dormancy-Breaking and Germination Requirements for Seeds of Symphoricarpos orbiculatus (Caprifoliaceae). American Journal of Botany, 88(8), 1444–1451. https://doi.org/10.2307/3558452.
International Seed Testing Association (2015). Chapter 5: The germination test. International Rules for Seed Testing, 2015(1), 5-1-5‑56. https://doi.org/10.15258/istarules.2015.05.
ISTA, (2011). Seed Science and Technology. International Rules for Seed Testing. Zurich, Switzerland.
Juan, R., Pastor, J., Fernandez, I. (2000). SEM and light microscope observations on fruit and seeds in Scrophulariaceae from Southwest Spain and their systematic
significance. Ann Bot 86 : 323–338 7.
Kantiono, E. K. (2012). Production et valorisation du fourrage de Velvet Bean dans l'alimentation des ruminants domestiques. Mémoire de DEA en Gestion Intégrée des Resources Naturelles (GIRN) ; Université Polytechnique de Bobo-Dioulasso. 44 pages.
Katzenschlager, R., Evans, A., Manson, A., Patsalos, P. N., Ratnaraj, N., Watt, H., Timmermann, L., Van der Giessen, R., & Lees, A. J. (2004). Mucuna pruriens in Parkinson’s disease: A double blind clinical and pharmacological study. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery& Psychiatry, 75(12), 1672. https://doi.org/10.1136/ jnnp.2003.028761.
Khodratien, F., Irfan, S., Nalwida ,R. (2017). Electrical conductivity for seed vigor test in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor). Cell biology & development 1(1). Pages: 6-12. E-ISSN: 2580-4499. DOI: 10.13057/cellbioldev/v010102.
Leidinger, L., Daniel, V., Cabral, J.S. (2021). Temporal environmental variation may impose differential selection on both genomic and ecological traits. Wiley online library. https://doi.org/10.1111/oik.08172.
Marcos, F. J. (2005). Dormênciadassementes. Fisiologia de Sementes de Plantas Cultivadas. FEALQ, Piracicaba. 1: 253-289.
Massimi, M. (2018). Impact of Seed Size on Seeds Viability, Vigor and Storability of Hordeum vulgare L. Agricultural Science Digest - A Research Journal, 38, 62‑64. https://doi.org/10.18805/ag.A-293.
Mavi, K. (2010). The relationship between seed coat color and seed quality in watermelon crimson sweet. Horticultural Science (HORTSCI), 37. https://doi.org/10.17221/53/2009- HORTSCI.
Moro, F., Pinto, A. C. R., Dos-santos, J. M., Damiao-filho, C. F. (2001). A scanning electron microscopy study of the seed and post-seminal development in AngeloniasalicariifoliaBonpl. (Scrophulariaceae). Ann Bot 88: 499–506 8.
N’Danikou, S., Shango, A., & Sigalla, J. (2022). Variation of Seed Traits and Initial Quality among Selected Cowpea, Mungbean, and Soybean Accessions. 1, 303‑314. https://doi.org/10.3390/seeds1040025.
Nerson, H. (2002). Effects of seed maturity, extraction practices and storage duration on germinability in watermelon. ScientiaHorticulturae, 93: 245–256.
Ochuodho, J. O., & Modi, A. T. (2010). Association of seed coat colour with germination of three wild mustard species with agronomic potential. Second RUFORUM Biennial Meeting. Entebbe, Uganda.
Pugalenthi, M., Vadivel, V. and Siddhuraju, P. (2005). Alternative food/feed perspectives of an underutilized legume Velvet Beanvar. utilis – a review. Plant Foods and Human Nutrition 60: 201–218.
Royal Horticultural Society (2015). RHS Colour Chart, Sixth Edition. Published by RHS Media, Royal Horticultural Society, 80 Vincent Square, London SW1P 2PE, UK. www.rhs.org.uk.
Saria A.G., Sibuga K.P., Semu E., Høgh-Jensen H. (2018) Soil Fertility Dynamics of Ultisol as Influenced by Greengram and Mucuna Green Manures. J Plant Sci Agric Res. Vol. 2 No. 2:14.
Sathyanarayana, N., Mahesh, S., Leelambika, M., Jaheer, M., Chopra, R., & Rashmi, K. (2016). Role of genetic resources and molecular markers in Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC improvement. Plant Genetic Resources, 14(4),270-282. Doi:10.1017/S1479262116000071.
Seggara, J. G., Mateu, I. (2001). Seed morphology of Linaria species from eastern Spain: identification of species and taxonomic implications. Bot J Linn Soc 135: 375–389 3.
Sousa H., Timossi, P.C., Netto, A., Souza, G., Alcir, L. (2017). Green sugar cane crop residue affects velvet bean seed germination. , 5, 1–10.
Wabwoba, M.S. and Mutoro, K. (2019). Promoting Mucuna Beans Production for Soil Rehabilitation, Incomes, Food and Nutrition Security in Kenya. Glob J Nutri Food Sci. 2(4). GJNFS.MS.ID.000543.
Westoby, M., Falster, D. S., Moles, A. T., Vesk, P. A., & Wright, I. J. (2002). Plant ecological strategies: some leading dimensions of variation between species. Annual review of ecology and systematics. 33: 125-159.
Zoric, L., Merkulov, Lj. , Lukovic, J., Boža, P. (2010). Comparative seed morphology of Trifolium L. Species (Fabaceae). PeriodicumBiologorum, 112, 263–272.
Aniszewski, T., Kupari, M. H., Leinonen A. J. (2001). Seed number, seed size and seed diversity in Washington Lupin (LupinuspolyphyllusLindl.). Ann Bot 87: 77–82.
Ashraf, M. and Foolad, M.R. (2005). Pre-sowing seed treatment-a shotgun approach to improve germination, plant growth and crop yield under saline and non-saline conditions. Adv. Agron., 88: 223-271.
Baskin, J.M., Baskin, C.C., Li, X. (2000). Taxonomy, anatomy and evolution of physical dormancy in seeds. Plant Species Biology, 15: 139–152.
Bobrov, A. V. F. C., Melikian, A. P., Romanov, M. S., Sorokin, A. N. (2004). Seed morphology and anatomy of Austrotaxusspicata (Taxaceae) and its systematic position. Bot J Linn Soc 145: 437–443 4.
Chachalis, D, Smith, M. L. (2000). Imbibition behavior of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merril) accessions with different testa characteristics. Seed Sci. Technol., 28: 321-331.
De Souza, F.D., Marcos-Filho J. (2001). The seed coat as a modulator of seed-environment relationships in Fabaceae. RevistaBrasileira de Botanica, 4: 365–375.
Debeaujon, I., Léon-Kloosterziel, K. M. and Koornneef, M. (2000). “Influence of the testa on seed dormancy, germination, and longevity in Arabidopsis,” Plant Physiology, vol. 122 (2): 403–413, 2000.View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar.
Diop, M. S., Ochuodho, J., Maina, F., Rop, N., & Njoroge, R. (2021, May 8). Production, Seed Management and Utilization of Velvet Bean (Mucuna pruriens L. Dc) in Western Kenya. African Journal of Education, Science and Technology, 6(3), Pg 28-44. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2022/ajest.v6i3.533.
Ertekin, M. and Kirdar, E. (2010). Effects of seed coat colour on seed characteristics of honeylocust (Gleditsiatriacanthos). African Journal of Agricultural Research Vol. 5(17), pp. 2434-2438, 4 September, 2010 Available online at http://www.academicjournals.org/AJAR ISSN 1991-637X ©2010 Academic Journals.
FAO (2011). Grassland Index. A searchable catalogue of grass and forage legumes. Feedipedia, (2014). Velvet bean (Mucuna Pruriens). http://www.feedipedia. org/node/270 Date of access: 20 April 2014.
Forbis, T.A.; Floyd, S.K.; Queiroz, A. (2002). The evolution of embryo size in angiosperms and other seed plants: implications for the evolution of seed dormancy. Evolution. 56(11): 2112-2125.
Gilvaneide A. A., Paula D., César R. D.; Valeri V. S. (2016). Electrical conductivity in Piptadenia moniliformis Benth. Seed lots classified by size and color Revista Árvore, vol. 40(5), 855-866. Universidade Federal de Viçosa Viçosa, Brasil. ISSN:0100-6762. Disponible en: https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=48848756009.
Golubinova, I., &Vasilevska-Ivanova, R. (2008). Temperature effect on seed imbibition in Sorghum. Comptes Rendus de L’Academie Bulgare des Sciences, 61, 1491‑1496.
Hamilton, K.N.; Offord, C.A.; Cuneo, P.; Deseo, M.A. (2013). A comparative study of seed morphology in relation to desiccation tolerance and other physiological responses in 71 Eastern Australian rainforest species. Plant Species Biology. 28: 51-62.
Hanna, P. (2006). Anatomical features of the seed coat of Acacia kempeana (Mueller) which relate to increased germination rate induced by heat treatment. New Phytologist, 96, 23‑29. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.1984.tb03539.x.
Hassan, N. M. S., Meve, U., Liede-schumann, S. (2005). Seed coat morphology of Aizoaceae-Sesuvioideae, Gisekiaceae and Molluginaceae and its systematic significance. Bot J Linn Soc 148: 189–206 5.
Hidayati, S. N., Baskin, J. M., & Baskin, C. C. (2001). Dormancy-Breaking and Germination Requirements for Seeds of Symphoricarpos orbiculatus (Caprifoliaceae). American Journal of Botany, 88(8), 1444–1451. https://doi.org/10.2307/3558452.
International Seed Testing Association (2015). Chapter 5: The germination test. International Rules for Seed Testing, 2015(1), 5-1-5‑56. https://doi.org/10.15258/istarules.2015.05.
ISTA, (2011). Seed Science and Technology. International Rules for Seed Testing. Zurich, Switzerland.
Juan, R., Pastor, J., Fernandez, I. (2000). SEM and light microscope observations on fruit and seeds in Scrophulariaceae from Southwest Spain and their systematic
significance. Ann Bot 86 : 323–338 7.
Kantiono, E. K. (2012). Production et valorisation du fourrage de Velvet Bean dans l'alimentation des ruminants domestiques. Mémoire de DEA en Gestion Intégrée des Resources Naturelles (GIRN) ; Université Polytechnique de Bobo-Dioulasso. 44 pages.
Katzenschlager, R., Evans, A., Manson, A., Patsalos, P. N., Ratnaraj, N., Watt, H., Timmermann, L., Van der Giessen, R., & Lees, A. J. (2004). Mucuna pruriens in Parkinson’s disease: A double blind clinical and pharmacological study. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery& Psychiatry, 75(12), 1672. https://doi.org/10.1136/ jnnp.2003.028761.
Khodratien, F., Irfan, S., Nalwida ,R. (2017). Electrical conductivity for seed vigor test in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor). Cell biology & development 1(1). Pages: 6-12. E-ISSN: 2580-4499. DOI: 10.13057/cellbioldev/v010102.
Leidinger, L., Daniel, V., Cabral, J.S. (2021). Temporal environmental variation may impose differential selection on both genomic and ecological traits. Wiley online library. https://doi.org/10.1111/oik.08172.
Marcos, F. J. (2005). Dormênciadassementes. Fisiologia de Sementes de Plantas Cultivadas. FEALQ, Piracicaba. 1: 253-289.
Massimi, M. (2018). Impact of Seed Size on Seeds Viability, Vigor and Storability of Hordeum vulgare L. Agricultural Science Digest - A Research Journal, 38, 62‑64. https://doi.org/10.18805/ag.A-293.
Mavi, K. (2010). The relationship between seed coat color and seed quality in watermelon crimson sweet. Horticultural Science (HORTSCI), 37. https://doi.org/10.17221/53/2009- HORTSCI.
Moro, F., Pinto, A. C. R., Dos-santos, J. M., Damiao-filho, C. F. (2001). A scanning electron microscopy study of the seed and post-seminal development in AngeloniasalicariifoliaBonpl. (Scrophulariaceae). Ann Bot 88: 499–506 8.
N’Danikou, S., Shango, A., & Sigalla, J. (2022). Variation of Seed Traits and Initial Quality among Selected Cowpea, Mungbean, and Soybean Accessions. 1, 303‑314. https://doi.org/10.3390/seeds1040025.
Nerson, H. (2002). Effects of seed maturity, extraction practices and storage duration on germinability in watermelon. ScientiaHorticulturae, 93: 245–256.
Ochuodho, J. O., & Modi, A. T. (2010). Association of seed coat colour with germination of three wild mustard species with agronomic potential. Second RUFORUM Biennial Meeting. Entebbe, Uganda.
Pugalenthi, M., Vadivel, V. and Siddhuraju, P. (2005). Alternative food/feed perspectives of an underutilized legume Velvet Beanvar. utilis – a review. Plant Foods and Human Nutrition 60: 201–218.
Royal Horticultural Society (2015). RHS Colour Chart, Sixth Edition. Published by RHS Media, Royal Horticultural Society, 80 Vincent Square, London SW1P 2PE, UK. www.rhs.org.uk.
Saria A.G., Sibuga K.P., Semu E., Høgh-Jensen H. (2018) Soil Fertility Dynamics of Ultisol as Influenced by Greengram and Mucuna Green Manures. J Plant Sci Agric Res. Vol. 2 No. 2:14.
Sathyanarayana, N., Mahesh, S., Leelambika, M., Jaheer, M., Chopra, R., & Rashmi, K. (2016). Role of genetic resources and molecular markers in Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC improvement. Plant Genetic Resources, 14(4),270-282. Doi:10.1017/S1479262116000071.
Seggara, J. G., Mateu, I. (2001). Seed morphology of Linaria species from eastern Spain: identification of species and taxonomic implications. Bot J Linn Soc 135: 375–389 3.
Sousa H., Timossi, P.C., Netto, A., Souza, G., Alcir, L. (2017). Green sugar cane crop residue affects velvet bean seed germination. , 5, 1–10.
Wabwoba, M.S. and Mutoro, K. (2019). Promoting Mucuna Beans Production for Soil Rehabilitation, Incomes, Food and Nutrition Security in Kenya. Glob J Nutri Food Sci. 2(4). GJNFS.MS.ID.000543.
Westoby, M., Falster, D. S., Moles, A. T., Vesk, P. A., & Wright, I. J. (2002). Plant ecological strategies: some leading dimensions of variation between species. Annual review of ecology and systematics. 33: 125-159.
Zoric, L., Merkulov, Lj. , Lukovic, J., Boža, P. (2010). Comparative seed morphology of Trifolium L. Species (Fabaceae). PeriodicumBiologorum, 112, 263–272.
Published
2023-04-07
How to Cite
Souadou Diop, M., Ochuodho, J., Maina, F., & Rop, N. (2023, April 7). Seed Quality of Velvet Bean Seeds (Mucuna pruriens L. Dc) in Western Kenya. African Journal of Education,Science and Technology, 7(3), Pg 154-165. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2022/ajest.v7i3.836
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