The Mediating Effect of Networking Capability on the Relationship Between Entrepreneurial Orientation and Manufacturing Firms’ Performance in Nairobi County, Kenya
Keywords:
Entrepreneurial orientation, networking capability, firm performance and Kenya.
Abstract
Networking Capability has been found to improve organization’s value creation, enhanced performance and organizational efficiency. In theory, networking capability is positively correlated with a variety of organizational outcomes. The current study sought to establish the mediating effect of Networking Capability on the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and manufacturing firms’ performance in Nairobi County, Kenya. This research was based on positivism because the effect of entrepreneurial orientation and networking competence on manufacturing business performance was analysed without prejudice using existing theoretical models and structured instruments, then conceptualization was done from the discoveries. The quantitative study employed an explanatory research methodology and survey procedure. Entrep reneurial inclination, business performance, and networking abilities were independent. The study utilized Hayes Model 4 using PROCESS Macro Version 4.0 for mediation analysis. Results showed that networking capability had a mediating effect on the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and firm performance among manufacturing firms in Kenya. The study reported mediation effect of networking capability as positive and significant indicating M3 = (a1 × b1) =.56 × .50 = .28, SE = .05, 95% CI = [.17, .37], which was significant with the confidence interval (CI) not straddling a zero. The study concluded that, networking capability indeed mediated partially the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and manufacturing firms’ performance.
References
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Chien, C. F., Lin, Y. S., & Lin, S. K. (2020). Deep reinforcement learning for selecting demand forecast models to empower Industry 3.5 and an empirical study for a semiconductor component distributor. International Journal of Production Research, 58(9), 2784-2804.
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Covin, J.G, and Wales, W.J. (2011). The measurement of entrepreneurial orientation. Entrepreneurship, Theory and Practice, 1(1): 1-26.
Creswell John W. (2012). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative and Mixed Approaches.
Dess, G. G., & Lumpkin, G. T. (2005). The role of entrepreneurial orientation in stimulating effective corporate entrepreneurship. Academy of Management Perspectives, 19(1), 147-156.
Djupdal, K., & Westhead, P. (2015). Environmental certification as a buffer against the liabilities of newness and smallness: Firm performance benefits. International Small Business Journal, 33(2), 148-168.
Dyer, J.H. and Singh, H. (1998). “Relational view: cooperate strategy and sources of interorganizational competitive advantage”, Academy of Management Review, Vol. 23 No. 4, pp. 660-679.
Forsgren, M., & Johanson, J. (2014). Managing internationalization in business networks. In Managing networks in international business (pp. 1-16). Routledge.
Frishammar, J., & Åke Hörte, S. (2007). The role of market orientation and entrepreneurial orientation for new product development performance in manufacturing firms. Technology analysis & strategic management, 19(6), 765-788.
Gabrielsson, P. and Gabrielsson, M. (2013). “A dynamic model of growth phases and survival in international business-to-business new ventures”, The Moderating Effect of Decision-Making Logic, Vol. 42 No. 8, pp. 1357-1373.
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KAM, (2017). Kenya association of manufacturers annual report, 2013
Karami, M. and Tang, J. (2019). Entrepreneurial Orientation and SME International Performance: The Mediating
role of networking capability and experiential learning. International Small Business Journal, 37(2):105-124.
Khan, R. U., Salamzadeh, Y., Kawamorita, H., & Rethi, G. (2021). Entrepreneurial orientation and small and medium-sized enterprises’ performance; does ‘access to finance’moderate the relation in emerging economies?. Vision, 25(1), 88-102.
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Kihara, A. S. N. (2016). Influence of strategic contingency factors on performance of large Manufacturing Firms in Kenya (Doctoral dissertation, JKUAT COHRED).
Kreiser, P. M., Marino, L. D., Kuratko, D. F., & Weaver, K. M. (2013). Disaggregating entrepreneurial orientation: the non-linear impact of innovativeness, proactiveness and risk-taking on SME performance. Small business economics, 40(2), 273-291.
Kusumawardhani, A., McCarthy, G., & Perera, N. (2009). Framework of entrepreneurial orientation and networking: a study of SMEs performance in a developing country.
Lekmat, L., Selvarajah, C., & Hewege, C. (2018). Relationship between Market Orientation, Entrepreneurial Orientation, and Firm Performance in Thai SMEs: The Mediating Role of Marketing Capabilities. European Journal of Pediatric Dermatology, 28(4).
Linton, G. and Kask, J. (2017). “Configurations of entrepreneurial orientation and competitive strategy for high performance”, Journal of Business Research, Vol. 70, pp. 168-176.
Lumpkin, G. T., & Dess, G. G. (1996). Clarifying the entrepreneurial orientation construct and linking it to performance. Academy of management Review, 21(1), 135-172.
Mammassis, C. S., & Kostopoulos, K. C. (2019). CEO goal orientations, environmental dynamism and organizational ambidexterity: An investigation in SMEs. European Management Journal, 37(5), 577-588.
Miller, D. (1983). The correlates of entrepreneurship in three types of firms. Management science, 29(7), 770-791.
Mintzberg, H. (1973). Strategy-making in three modes. California Management Review,
Morić-Milovanović, B. (2022). Exploring direct and non-linear effects of entrepreneurial orientation and its dimensions on firm performance in a small, open, transitional economy. Strategic Management, 27(3), 26-38.
Mu, J. (2013). Networking capability, new venture performance and entrepreneurial rent. Journal of Research in
Marketing and Entrepreneurship.
Mu, J. and Di Benedetto, A. (2012). “Networking capability and new product development”, IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, Vol. 59 No. 1, pp. 4-19.
Mu, J., Thomas, E., Peng, G. and Di Benedetto, A. (2016). “Strategic orientation and new product development performance: the role of networking capability and networking cability”, Industrial Marketing Management, Vol. 64, pp. 187-201.
Ndubisi, N. O., & Iftikhar, K. (2012). Relationship between entrepreneurship, innovation and performance: Comparing small and medium‐size enterprises. Journal of Research in Marketing and entrepreneurship.
Nyabiage, J., & Kapchanga, K. (2014). Thousands of jobs on the line as tens of firms shut down local units.
Otieno, S., Bwisa, H. M., & Kihoro, J. M. D. (2012). Influence of entrepreneurial orientation on Kenya’s manufacturing firms operating under East African regional integration.
Parida, V., Westerberg, M., Ylinenpää, H., & Roininen, S. (2010). Exploring the effects of network configurations on entrepreneurial orientation and firm performance: an empirical study of new ventures and small firms. Annals of Innovation & Entrepreneurship, 1(1), 5601.
Rauch, A., Wiklund, J., Lumpkin, G. T. and Frese, M. (2009). Entrepreneurial Orientation and Business Performance: An Assesment and Past Research and Suggestions for the Future. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 33, 761-787.
Rodríguez-Gutiérrez, M. J., Moreno, P., & Tejada, P. (2015). Entrepreneurial orientation and performance of SMEs in the services industry. Journal of Organizational Change Management.
Saunders Mark, Lewis Philip and Thornhill Adrian (2009). Research Methods for Business Students (5Th Ed). Prentice Hall.
Schweizer, R., Vahlne, J. E., & Johanson, J. (2010). Internationalization as an entrepreneurial process. Journal of International Entrepreneurship, 8(4), 343-370.
Shipilov, A., & Gawer, A. (2020). Integrating research on interorganizational networks and ecosystems. Academy of Management Annals, 14(1), 92-121.
Somekh Bridget and Lewin Cathy (2009). Research Methods in the Social Sciences. SAGE Publications.
Spigel, B., & Harrison, R. (2018). Toward a process theory of entrepreneurial ecosystems. Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal, 12(1), 151-168.
Stam, W., & Elfring, T. (2008). Entrepreneurial orientation and new venture performance: The moderating role of intra-and extraindustry social capital. Academy of management journal, 51(1), 97-111.
Tajvidi, R., & Karami, A. (2021). The effect of social media on firm performance. Computers in Human Behavior, 115, 105174.
Tang, J. (2017). CEO duality and firm performance: The moderating roles of other executives and blockholding outside directors. European management journal, 35(3), 362-372.
Tang, J., Tang, Z., & Cowden, B. J. (2017). Exploring the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation, CEO dual values, and SME performance in state–owned vs. nonstate–owned enterprises in China. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 41(6), 883-908.
Tang. Z„ & Tang, J. (2012). Entrepreneurial orientation and SME performance in China's changing environment: The moderating effects of strategies. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 29, 409-431.
Teece, D.J., Pisano, G. and Shuen, A. (1997). “Dynamic capabilities and strategic management”, Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 18 No. 7, pp. 509-533.
Wales, W.J. (2016), “Entrepreneurial orientation: a review and synthesis of promising research directions”, International Small Business Journal, Vol. 34 No. 1, pp. 3-15.
Walter, A., Auer, M., & Ritter, T. (2006). The impact of network capabilities and entrepreneurial orientation on university spin-off performance. Journal of business venturing, 21(4), 541-567.
Wang, H., & Lei, L. (2021). Proactive personality and job satisfaction: Social support and Hope as mediators. Current Psychology, 1-10.
Watson, J. (2007). Modeling the relationship between networking and firm performance. Journal of business venturing, 22(6), 852-874.
Watson, J. (2012). Networking: Gender differences and the association with firm performance. International Small Business Journal, 30(5), 536-558.
Wee Loong Lee, Aik Lee Chong, Ramayah T., (2018) "The effects of entrepreneurial orientation on the performance of the Malaysian manufacturing sector", Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Administration, https://doi.org/10.1108/APJBA-06-2018-0099
Yamane, Taro. (1973).Statistics, An Introductory Analysis, New York: Harper and Row
Yang, Z., Huang, Z., Wang, F. and Feng, C. (2018). “The double-edged sword of networking: complementary and substitutive effects of networking capability in China”, Industrial Marketing Management, Vol. 68, pp. 145-155.
Yang, Z., Huang, Z., Wang, F. and Feng, C. (2018). “The double-edged sword of networking: complementary and substitutive effects of networking capability in China”, Industrial Marketing Management, Vol. 68, pp. 145-155.
Young-min Jeong, Murad Ali, Robert Zacca & Kichan Park (2019): The Effect of Entrepreneurship Orientation on Firm Performance: A Multiple Mediation Model, Journal of East- West Business, DOI: 10.1080/10669868.2018.1536013
Yunis, M., Tarhini, A., & Kassar, A. (2018). The role of ICT and innovation in enhancing organizational performance: The catalysing effect of corporate entrepreneurship. Journal of Business Research, 88, 344-356.
Zhang, Y., Khan, U., Lee, S., & Salik, M. (2019). The influence of management innovation and technological innovation on organization performance. A mediating role of sustainability. Sustainability, 11(2), 495.
Ajayi, B. (2016). The impact of entrepreneurial orientation and networking capabilities on the export performance of Nigerian agricultural SMEs. Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation in Emerging Economies, 2(1), 1-23.
and blockholding outside directors. European Management Journal, 35, 362-372.
Bereket M. B., (2017) "Entrepreneurial orientation, market orientation and performance of SMEs in the manufacturing industry: Evidence from Ethiopian enterprises", Management Research Review, Vol. 40 Issue: 3, pp.292-309.
Bucktowar, R., Kocak, A., & Padachi, K. (2015). Entrepreneurial orientation, market orientation and networking: impact on innovation and firm performance. Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship, 20(04), 1550024.
Buli, B. M. (2017). Entrepreneurial orientation, market orientation and performance of SMEs in the manufacturing industry: Evidence from Ethiopian enterprises. Management Research Review.
Chien, C. F., Lin, Y. S., & Lin, S. K. (2020). Deep reinforcement learning for selecting demand forecast models to empower Industry 3.5 and an empirical study for a semiconductor component distributor. International Journal of Production Research, 58(9), 2784-2804.
Choi, S. B., & Williams, C. (2016). Entrepreneurial orientation and performance: mediating effects of technology and marketing action across industry types. Industry and Innovation, 23(8), 673-693.
Chow, I. H. S. (2006). The relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and firm performance in China. SAM Advanced Management Journal, 71(3), 11.
Covin, J.G, and Wales, W.J. (2011). The measurement of entrepreneurial orientation. Entrepreneurship, Theory and Practice, 1(1): 1-26.
Creswell John W. (2012). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative and Mixed Approaches.
Dess, G. G., & Lumpkin, G. T. (2005). The role of entrepreneurial orientation in stimulating effective corporate entrepreneurship. Academy of Management Perspectives, 19(1), 147-156.
Djupdal, K., & Westhead, P. (2015). Environmental certification as a buffer against the liabilities of newness and smallness: Firm performance benefits. International Small Business Journal, 33(2), 148-168.
Dyer, J.H. and Singh, H. (1998). “Relational view: cooperate strategy and sources of interorganizational competitive advantage”, Academy of Management Review, Vol. 23 No. 4, pp. 660-679.
Forsgren, M., & Johanson, J. (2014). Managing internationalization in business networks. In Managing networks in international business (pp. 1-16). Routledge.
Frishammar, J., & Åke Hörte, S. (2007). The role of market orientation and entrepreneurial orientation for new product development performance in manufacturing firms. Technology analysis & strategic management, 19(6), 765-788.
Gabrielsson, P. and Gabrielsson, M. (2013). “A dynamic model of growth phases and survival in international business-to-business new ventures”, The Moderating Effect of Decision-Making Logic, Vol. 42 No. 8, pp. 1357-1373.
Giudici, A., & Reinmoeller, P. (2013). Sensing together: an exploration of the support of network intermediaries to firms' and entrepreneurs' search for new opportunities (Doctoral dissertation, Cranfield University, School of Management).
Gruber-Muecke, T., & Hofer, K. M. (2015). Market orientation, entrepreneurial orientation and performance in emerging markets. International Journal of Emerging Markets.
Hayes, A.F. (2018). Partial, conditional and moderated mediation: Quantification, inference and interpretation. Communication monogaraphs, 85, 4-40.
Hayes, A.F. (2022). Introduction to Mediation, moderation and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach (3rd edition). New York: The Guildford Press.
Huang, F., Rice, J., & Martin, N. (2015). Does open innovation apply to China? Exploring the contingent role of external knowledge sources and internal absorptive capacity in Chinese large firms and SMEs. Journal of Management & Organization, 21(5), 594-613.
Hughes, M. and Morgan, R. E. (2007). Deconstructing the Relationship Between Entrepreneurial Orientation and Business Performance at The Embryonic Stage of Firm Growth. Industrial Marketing Management, 36, 651-661.
Jantunen, A., Puumalainen, K., Saarenketo, S., & Kyläheiko, K. (2005). Entrepreneurial orientation, dynamic capabilities and international performance. Journal of International Entrepreneurship, 3(3), 223-243.
Jeong, Y. M., Ali, M., Zacca, R., & Park, K. (2019). The effect of entrepreneurship orientation on firm performance: A multiple mediation model. Journal of east-west business, 25(2), 166-193.
Kalm, M. (2012). The impact of networking on firm performance: Evidence from small and medium-sized firms in emerging technology areas (No. 1278). ETLA Discussion Papers.
KAM, (2017). Kenya association of manufacturers annual report, 2013
Karami, M. and Tang, J. (2019). Entrepreneurial Orientation and SME International Performance: The Mediating
role of networking capability and experiential learning. International Small Business Journal, 37(2):105-124.
Khan, R. U., Salamzadeh, Y., Kawamorita, H., & Rethi, G. (2021). Entrepreneurial orientation and small and medium-sized enterprises’ performance; does ‘access to finance’moderate the relation in emerging economies?. Vision, 25(1), 88-102.
Khandwalla, P.N. (1976/1977). Some top management styles, their context and performance. Organ and Admin Sciences, 7: 21–51.
Kihara, A. S. N. (2016). Influence of strategic contingency factors on performance of large Manufacturing Firms in Kenya (Doctoral dissertation, JKUAT COHRED).
Kreiser, P. M., Marino, L. D., Kuratko, D. F., & Weaver, K. M. (2013). Disaggregating entrepreneurial orientation: the non-linear impact of innovativeness, proactiveness and risk-taking on SME performance. Small business economics, 40(2), 273-291.
Kusumawardhani, A., McCarthy, G., & Perera, N. (2009). Framework of entrepreneurial orientation and networking: a study of SMEs performance in a developing country.
Lekmat, L., Selvarajah, C., & Hewege, C. (2018). Relationship between Market Orientation, Entrepreneurial Orientation, and Firm Performance in Thai SMEs: The Mediating Role of Marketing Capabilities. European Journal of Pediatric Dermatology, 28(4).
Linton, G. and Kask, J. (2017). “Configurations of entrepreneurial orientation and competitive strategy for high performance”, Journal of Business Research, Vol. 70, pp. 168-176.
Lumpkin, G. T., & Dess, G. G. (1996). Clarifying the entrepreneurial orientation construct and linking it to performance. Academy of management Review, 21(1), 135-172.
Mammassis, C. S., & Kostopoulos, K. C. (2019). CEO goal orientations, environmental dynamism and organizational ambidexterity: An investigation in SMEs. European Management Journal, 37(5), 577-588.
Miller, D. (1983). The correlates of entrepreneurship in three types of firms. Management science, 29(7), 770-791.
Mintzberg, H. (1973). Strategy-making in three modes. California Management Review,
Morić-Milovanović, B. (2022). Exploring direct and non-linear effects of entrepreneurial orientation and its dimensions on firm performance in a small, open, transitional economy. Strategic Management, 27(3), 26-38.
Mu, J. (2013). Networking capability, new venture performance and entrepreneurial rent. Journal of Research in
Marketing and Entrepreneurship.
Mu, J. and Di Benedetto, A. (2012). “Networking capability and new product development”, IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, Vol. 59 No. 1, pp. 4-19.
Mu, J., Thomas, E., Peng, G. and Di Benedetto, A. (2016). “Strategic orientation and new product development performance: the role of networking capability and networking cability”, Industrial Marketing Management, Vol. 64, pp. 187-201.
Ndubisi, N. O., & Iftikhar, K. (2012). Relationship between entrepreneurship, innovation and performance: Comparing small and medium‐size enterprises. Journal of Research in Marketing and entrepreneurship.
Nyabiage, J., & Kapchanga, K. (2014). Thousands of jobs on the line as tens of firms shut down local units.
Otieno, S., Bwisa, H. M., & Kihoro, J. M. D. (2012). Influence of entrepreneurial orientation on Kenya’s manufacturing firms operating under East African regional integration.
Parida, V., Westerberg, M., Ylinenpää, H., & Roininen, S. (2010). Exploring the effects of network configurations on entrepreneurial orientation and firm performance: an empirical study of new ventures and small firms. Annals of Innovation & Entrepreneurship, 1(1), 5601.
Rauch, A., Wiklund, J., Lumpkin, G. T. and Frese, M. (2009). Entrepreneurial Orientation and Business Performance: An Assesment and Past Research and Suggestions for the Future. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 33, 761-787.
Rodríguez-Gutiérrez, M. J., Moreno, P., & Tejada, P. (2015). Entrepreneurial orientation and performance of SMEs in the services industry. Journal of Organizational Change Management.
Saunders Mark, Lewis Philip and Thornhill Adrian (2009). Research Methods for Business Students (5Th Ed). Prentice Hall.
Schweizer, R., Vahlne, J. E., & Johanson, J. (2010). Internationalization as an entrepreneurial process. Journal of International Entrepreneurship, 8(4), 343-370.
Shipilov, A., & Gawer, A. (2020). Integrating research on interorganizational networks and ecosystems. Academy of Management Annals, 14(1), 92-121.
Somekh Bridget and Lewin Cathy (2009). Research Methods in the Social Sciences. SAGE Publications.
Spigel, B., & Harrison, R. (2018). Toward a process theory of entrepreneurial ecosystems. Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal, 12(1), 151-168.
Stam, W., & Elfring, T. (2008). Entrepreneurial orientation and new venture performance: The moderating role of intra-and extraindustry social capital. Academy of management journal, 51(1), 97-111.
Tajvidi, R., & Karami, A. (2021). The effect of social media on firm performance. Computers in Human Behavior, 115, 105174.
Tang, J. (2017). CEO duality and firm performance: The moderating roles of other executives and blockholding outside directors. European management journal, 35(3), 362-372.
Tang, J., Tang, Z., & Cowden, B. J. (2017). Exploring the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation, CEO dual values, and SME performance in state–owned vs. nonstate–owned enterprises in China. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 41(6), 883-908.
Tang. Z„ & Tang, J. (2012). Entrepreneurial orientation and SME performance in China's changing environment: The moderating effects of strategies. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 29, 409-431.
Teece, D.J., Pisano, G. and Shuen, A. (1997). “Dynamic capabilities and strategic management”, Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 18 No. 7, pp. 509-533.
Wales, W.J. (2016), “Entrepreneurial orientation: a review and synthesis of promising research directions”, International Small Business Journal, Vol. 34 No. 1, pp. 3-15.
Walter, A., Auer, M., & Ritter, T. (2006). The impact of network capabilities and entrepreneurial orientation on university spin-off performance. Journal of business venturing, 21(4), 541-567.
Wang, H., & Lei, L. (2021). Proactive personality and job satisfaction: Social support and Hope as mediators. Current Psychology, 1-10.
Watson, J. (2007). Modeling the relationship between networking and firm performance. Journal of business venturing, 22(6), 852-874.
Watson, J. (2012). Networking: Gender differences and the association with firm performance. International Small Business Journal, 30(5), 536-558.
Wee Loong Lee, Aik Lee Chong, Ramayah T., (2018) "The effects of entrepreneurial orientation on the performance of the Malaysian manufacturing sector", Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Administration, https://doi.org/10.1108/APJBA-06-2018-0099
Yamane, Taro. (1973).Statistics, An Introductory Analysis, New York: Harper and Row
Yang, Z., Huang, Z., Wang, F. and Feng, C. (2018). “The double-edged sword of networking: complementary and substitutive effects of networking capability in China”, Industrial Marketing Management, Vol. 68, pp. 145-155.
Yang, Z., Huang, Z., Wang, F. and Feng, C. (2018). “The double-edged sword of networking: complementary and substitutive effects of networking capability in China”, Industrial Marketing Management, Vol. 68, pp. 145-155.
Young-min Jeong, Murad Ali, Robert Zacca & Kichan Park (2019): The Effect of Entrepreneurship Orientation on Firm Performance: A Multiple Mediation Model, Journal of East- West Business, DOI: 10.1080/10669868.2018.1536013
Yunis, M., Tarhini, A., & Kassar, A. (2018). The role of ICT and innovation in enhancing organizational performance: The catalysing effect of corporate entrepreneurship. Journal of Business Research, 88, 344-356.
Zhang, Y., Khan, U., Lee, S., & Salik, M. (2019). The influence of management innovation and technological innovation on organization performance. A mediating role of sustainability. Sustainability, 11(2), 495.
Published
2022-11-14
How to Cite
Tuwei, G., Korir, M., & Komen, J. (2022, November 14). The Mediating Effect of Networking Capability on the Relationship Between Entrepreneurial Orientation and Manufacturing Firms’ Performance in Nairobi County, Kenya. African Journal of Education,Science and Technology, 7(2), Pg 175-186. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2022/ajest.v7i2.819
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