Effect of Time-Based Conflict on Employee Productivity: Does Altruism Matter? A Reflection from star-rated Hotels in Kenya
Keywords:
Time-based conflict, Altruism, Hotel Employees, Employee Productivity, Star -rated hotels
Abstract
The current study sought to assess the influence of altruism on the relationship between time-based conflict and employee productivity in star-rated hotels in Nairobi-Kenya. The study adopted explanatory design. A total of 4725 employees from 30 star rated hotels were targeted. Nassiuma formula (2000) was used to sample 214 employees to answer questionnaires. Stratified sampling was employed to select employees from the departments chosen. Bias Corrected Bootstrapping of SEM, using AMOS version 5, in SPSS version 23 was used to test the hypotheses. The results showed that for each unit increase in time-based conflict, there was a decrease in employee productivity. These findings illustrated that the conflict experienced by employees negatively affects employee productivity. The results further showed that when Altruism is exhibited, it reduces the influence of time-based conflict on employee productivity. This shows the importance of employees exhibiting altruism to reduce the effect of the conflict for employee productivity to be achieved. The study findings will be insightful to management in the hotels to develop guidelines to help hotel managers and supervisors improve employee productivity through the use of altruistic behavior.
References
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Casper, W.J., Harris, C. M., Bianco, T.A., & Wayne H. J. (2011). Work–family conflict, perceived supervisor support and organizational commitment among Brazilian professional. Journal of Vocational Behavior 73 (3):640-652
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LePine, J.A., Erez, A. & Johnson, D. E. (2002). The nature and dimensionality of organizational citizenship behavior: A critical review and meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87, pp. 52-65
Magnini, V. P. (2009). Understanding and Reducing Work-Family Conflict in the Hospitality Industry. Journal of Human Resources in Hospitality and Tourism, 8 pp. 119-136
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Moon, S., & Roh, J. (2010). Balancing work and family in South Korea’s public organizations: focusing on family-friendly policies in elementary school organizations. Publ Person Manage. 39 (2): pp. 117–131.
Mukanzi, C. M., & Senaji, T. A. (2017). Work- Family conflict and Employee Commitment: The Moderating Effect of Perceived Managerial support. Research Article. Pp. 145-160
Mulvaney, R. H., O’Neill, J. W., Cleveland J. N., & Crouter, A. C. (2016). A model of work-family dynamics for hotel managers. Annals of Tourism Research, 34, pp. 66-87
Nassiuma D. K. (2000). Survey sampling: Theory and methods. Njoro, Kenya: Egerton University Press. p. 15
Nawaz, N., & Anjali, M., (2017). The Relationship between Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Team Performance: The Mediating Effect of Team Conflict. Journal of Management and Organizational studies. 5: pp. 75-105
Neal, M. B., & Hammer, L. B. (2007). Series in applied psychology. Working couples caring for children and aging parents: Effects on work and well-being. Pp. 1120-1145
Neihoff, B., & Yen, H., (2004). Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Organizational Effectiveness. Finding Relationship in Taiwanese Banks. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 34 (8). Pp. 1617-1637
O’Neill B., Xiao J. J. & Karen M. Ensle, E., (2010). Propensity to Plan: A key to health and wealth. Journal of financial planning 2(1). Pp. 97-105
Ohkubo, N. (2012). Employee engagement and productivity: Tenets for Developments, Omega 31 (2), 8
Onyije, O.C. (2015). Effect of Performance Appraisal on Employee Productivity in a Nigerian University, Journal of Economics and Business Research, 21(2), 65-81
Podsakoff M, P., MacKenzie, S., Paine, B, J., & Daniel B. (2013). Organizational Citizenship Behaviors: A Critical Review of the Theoretical and Empirical Literature and Suggestions for Future Research. Journal of Management. 26. Pp. 513–563.
Pulakos, E., Arad, S., Donovan, M., & Plamondon, K. E. (2010). Adaptability in the workplace: Development of a taxonomy of adaptive performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 85, pp. 612–624.
Redman, T., & Snape, E. (2015). The Role of Consciousness Transformation in Compassion and Altruism. Journal of Management Studies, 42 (2), 2200-2380
Reisinger Y, Turner, L. (1999). "A cultural analysis of Japanese tourists: challenges for tourism marketers", European Journal of Marketing 33 (11/12), 1203-1227, https://doi.org/10.1108
Robbins, S. P. (2000). Essentials of Organizational Behavior (6th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ Prentice-Hall. Pp. 27-45
Rush, M.C. & Allen, T.D., (2001). The influence of gender on ratings of organizational citizenship behavior. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 31, pp. 2561-2587.
Samnanim, A. & Singh, P. (2014). Performance-Enhancing Compensation Practices and Employee Productivity: The Role of Workplace Bullying. 1, pp. 5-16
Schulz, R. & Omweri, N. (2012). The Effects of Business Image on Customer Retention in Hotels in Eldoret, Kenya. European Journal of Business and Management, 4(18), pp. 185-193
Sekaran, U. (2008). Research Methods for Business: A Skill Business Approach. John Wiley & Sons, New York. Pp. 95-120
Shrout P. E., & Bolger N. (2002). Mediation in experimental and non-experimental studies: New procedures and recommendations. Psychological Methods, 7, pp. 422-445.
Sonnentag, S. (2017). 'Recovery, work engagement, and proactive behavior: A new look at the interface between non-work and work', Journal of Applied Psychology, 88: 518-528
Sonnentag, S. (2017). 'Recovery, work engagement, and proactive behavior: A new look at the interface between non-work and work', Journal of Applied Psychology, 88: 518-528
Stoner, J., Perrewé, P.L. and Munyon, T.P. (2011). “The role of identity in extra-role behaviors: development of a conceptual model”, Journal of Managerial Psychology, 26 (2), pp. 94-107.
Sun, L.-Y., Aryee, S., & Law, K. S. (2017). High-Performance Human Resource Practices, Citizenship Behaviour and Organizational Performance: A Relational Perspective, Academy of Management Journal, 50, pp. 558-577
Wang, M. (2009). “What makes a good citizen in service settings”. The Service Industries Journal, 29 (5), pp. 621-634.
Yanardağ, Ö. ve Avcı, M. (2012). Turizm Sektöründe İstihdam Sorunları: Marmaris, Fethiye, Bodrum İlçeleri Üzerine Ampirik Bir İnceleme, Ege Stratejik Araştırmalar Dergisi 3 (2), pp. 39-62.
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Zareiematin, H., Alvani, S.M., Jandaghi, G. and Ahmadi, F. (2010). “Introducing a comprehensive model of factors impacting on developing organizational citizenship behaviour; case study: employees of National Oil Industry of
Iran”, Public Management, (2)5, pp. 39-56
Zhao, X., Mattilla, A. (2013). Examining the spillover effect of frontline employees’ work-family on their effective work attitudes and customer satisfaction. International Journal of Hospitality Management 33(1). Pp. 135-150
Ajzen, I. (1988). Attitudes, personality, and behavior. Chicago: Dorsey Press. p.10
Babin, B. J., & Boles, J. S. (1998). Employee behavior in a service environment: A model and test of potential differences between men and women. Journal of Marketing, 62(2), 77–91
Barney, D. M., (2011). Work life balance on employee performance: Human Resource Management Journal. p. 12
Bienstock, C. C., Demoranville, C. W., & Smith, R. K. (2003). Organizational citizenship Behavior. Its Nature, Antecedents, and Consequences. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Pp. 46-59
Boles, J. S., Howard, W. G., & Donofrio, H. H. (2001). An investigation into the inter-relationships of work-family conflict, family-work conflict and work-satisfaction. Journal of Managerial Issues, (13), 376-387
Boxall, p., Ang, H.S., & Bartram, T. (2018). Analyzing the Black box of HRM: uncovering HR goals, mediators and outcomes in a standardized service environment. Journal of management studies. Pp. 1504 – 1532.
Brennan, A., & Skarlicki, D. P. (2004). Personality and Perceived Justice as Predictors of Survivors' Reactions Following Downsizing. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 34(6), pp. 1306-1328.
Buck, M. L., Lee, M. D., Mac Dermid, S. M., & Smith, S. (2000). Reduced load work and the experience of time among professionals and managers: Implications for personal and organizational life. In C. L. Cooper, & D. Rousseau (Eds.), Time in organizational behavior: Trends in Organizational Behavior. pp. 13-36
Casper, W.J., Harris, C. M., Bianco, T.A., & Wayne H. J. (2011). Work–family conflict, perceived supervisor support and organizational commitment among Brazilian professional. Journal of Vocational Behavior 73 (3):640-652
Chen, L., Hannon, P.A., Laing, S.S., Kohn, M.J., Clark, K., Pritchard, S. & Harris, J.R. (2015). Perceived Workplace Health Support Is Associated with Employee Productivity. American Journal of Health Promotion: AJHP, 29(3), pp. 139-146
Cheng, C.Y., Jiang, D.Y., Cheng, B.S., Riley, J.H. and Jen, C.K. (2012). “When do subordinates commit to their supervisors? Different effects of perceived supervisor integrity and support on Chinese and American employees”, Leadership Quarterly, (26)1, pp. 81-97.
Deery M., Jago, L., (2015). Revisiting talent management, work-life balance and retention strategies. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management 27(3), pp. 453-472
Deery, M. (2002). Labour Turnover in International Hospitality and Tourism. In: S. Watson, N. D’Annunzio-Green and G. Maxwell (eds.) Human Resource Management: International Perspectives in Hospitality and Tourism. London, UK: Continuum, pp. 51- 63.
Deery, M (2018). Talent management, work-life balance and retention strategies, International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 20(7), pp. 792-806
Du Plooy, J., & Roodt, G. (2010). Work engagement, burnout and related constructs as predictors of turnover intentions. SA Journal of Industrial Psychology, 36(1), Art. #910, 13 pages. DOI: 10.4102/sajip. v 36i1.910. pp. 12-22
Fong, V. W. S., & Cheung, R. (2013). Empirical Study of the Factors Affecting Work-Family Conflict and Quit Intention. p. 17.
France, L. (2002). Hotel, Bar and Restaurant Market Potential. Rough Notes, 145(4), pp. 96-106.
Frese, M., & Fay, D. (2012). Personal initiative: An active performance concept for work in the 21st century. Research in organizational behavior (pp. 133–187). Greenwich, CT: JAI Press. pp. 120-135
Gholipour, A. and Sadat, S.A. (2008). “The relationship of organizational climate and job stress and its impacts on teachers of high schools”, Commercial Strategies, (1) 8, pp. 55-64
Greenhaus, J. H., & Beutell, N. J. (1985). Sources of conflict between work and family roles. Academy of Management Review, 10(1), pp. 76-88.
Hair, J., Black, W., Babin, B., & Anderson, R. (2010). Multivariate data analysis (7th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall Inc
Hu, L., and Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation. Model. 6, 1–55. doi: 10.1080/10705519909540118
Karatepe, O.M., Sokmen, A., (2016). The effects of work role and family role variables on psychological and behavioral outcomes of frontline employees. Tourism Management 27 (2), pp. 255–268
Kumari, P., & Shivani, T. (2018). International Academic Institute for Science and Technology. Studying the Impact of Organizational Citizenship Behavior on Organizational Effectiveness. International Academic Journal of Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management, 4(1) pp. 9-21
LePine, J.A., Erez, A. & Johnson, D. E. (2002). The nature and dimensionality of organizational citizenship behavior: A critical review and meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87, pp. 52-65
Magnini, V. P. (2009). Understanding and Reducing Work-Family Conflict in the Hospitality Industry. Journal of Human Resources in Hospitality and Tourism, 8 pp. 119-136
Malhotra, N.K. (2004). Marketing Research. Prentice Hall, New Jersey.
Moon, S., & Roh, J. (2010). Balancing work and family in South Korea’s public organizations: focusing on family-friendly policies in elementary school organizations. Publ Person Manage. 39 (2): pp. 117–131.
Mukanzi, C. M., & Senaji, T. A. (2017). Work- Family conflict and Employee Commitment: The Moderating Effect of Perceived Managerial support. Research Article. Pp. 145-160
Mulvaney, R. H., O’Neill, J. W., Cleveland J. N., & Crouter, A. C. (2016). A model of work-family dynamics for hotel managers. Annals of Tourism Research, 34, pp. 66-87
Nassiuma D. K. (2000). Survey sampling: Theory and methods. Njoro, Kenya: Egerton University Press. p. 15
Nawaz, N., & Anjali, M., (2017). The Relationship between Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Team Performance: The Mediating Effect of Team Conflict. Journal of Management and Organizational studies. 5: pp. 75-105
Neal, M. B., & Hammer, L. B. (2007). Series in applied psychology. Working couples caring for children and aging parents: Effects on work and well-being. Pp. 1120-1145
Neihoff, B., & Yen, H., (2004). Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Organizational Effectiveness. Finding Relationship in Taiwanese Banks. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 34 (8). Pp. 1617-1637
O’Neill B., Xiao J. J. & Karen M. Ensle, E., (2010). Propensity to Plan: A key to health and wealth. Journal of financial planning 2(1). Pp. 97-105
Ohkubo, N. (2012). Employee engagement and productivity: Tenets for Developments, Omega 31 (2), 8
Onyije, O.C. (2015). Effect of Performance Appraisal on Employee Productivity in a Nigerian University, Journal of Economics and Business Research, 21(2), 65-81
Podsakoff M, P., MacKenzie, S., Paine, B, J., & Daniel B. (2013). Organizational Citizenship Behaviors: A Critical Review of the Theoretical and Empirical Literature and Suggestions for Future Research. Journal of Management. 26. Pp. 513–563.
Pulakos, E., Arad, S., Donovan, M., & Plamondon, K. E. (2010). Adaptability in the workplace: Development of a taxonomy of adaptive performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 85, pp. 612–624.
Redman, T., & Snape, E. (2015). The Role of Consciousness Transformation in Compassion and Altruism. Journal of Management Studies, 42 (2), 2200-2380
Reisinger Y, Turner, L. (1999). "A cultural analysis of Japanese tourists: challenges for tourism marketers", European Journal of Marketing 33 (11/12), 1203-1227, https://doi.org/10.1108
Robbins, S. P. (2000). Essentials of Organizational Behavior (6th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ Prentice-Hall. Pp. 27-45
Rush, M.C. & Allen, T.D., (2001). The influence of gender on ratings of organizational citizenship behavior. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 31, pp. 2561-2587.
Samnanim, A. & Singh, P. (2014). Performance-Enhancing Compensation Practices and Employee Productivity: The Role of Workplace Bullying. 1, pp. 5-16
Schulz, R. & Omweri, N. (2012). The Effects of Business Image on Customer Retention in Hotels in Eldoret, Kenya. European Journal of Business and Management, 4(18), pp. 185-193
Sekaran, U. (2008). Research Methods for Business: A Skill Business Approach. John Wiley & Sons, New York. Pp. 95-120
Shrout P. E., & Bolger N. (2002). Mediation in experimental and non-experimental studies: New procedures and recommendations. Psychological Methods, 7, pp. 422-445.
Sonnentag, S. (2017). 'Recovery, work engagement, and proactive behavior: A new look at the interface between non-work and work', Journal of Applied Psychology, 88: 518-528
Sonnentag, S. (2017). 'Recovery, work engagement, and proactive behavior: A new look at the interface between non-work and work', Journal of Applied Psychology, 88: 518-528
Stoner, J., Perrewé, P.L. and Munyon, T.P. (2011). “The role of identity in extra-role behaviors: development of a conceptual model”, Journal of Managerial Psychology, 26 (2), pp. 94-107.
Sun, L.-Y., Aryee, S., & Law, K. S. (2017). High-Performance Human Resource Practices, Citizenship Behaviour and Organizational Performance: A Relational Perspective, Academy of Management Journal, 50, pp. 558-577
Wang, M. (2009). “What makes a good citizen in service settings”. The Service Industries Journal, 29 (5), pp. 621-634.
Yanardağ, Ö. ve Avcı, M. (2012). Turizm Sektöründe İstihdam Sorunları: Marmaris, Fethiye, Bodrum İlçeleri Üzerine Ampirik Bir İnceleme, Ege Stratejik Araştırmalar Dergisi 3 (2), pp. 39-62.
Yildiz, Z. (2011). Turizmin Sektörünün Gelişimi ve İstihdam Üzerindeki Etkisi, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Vizyoner Dergisi, 3 (5). Pp. 54-71
Zareiematin, H., Alvani, S.M., Jandaghi, G. and Ahmadi, F. (2010). “Introducing a comprehensive model of factors impacting on developing organizational citizenship behaviour; case study: employees of National Oil Industry of
Iran”, Public Management, (2)5, pp. 39-56
Zhao, X., Mattilla, A. (2013). Examining the spillover effect of frontline employees’ work-family on their effective work attitudes and customer satisfaction. International Journal of Hospitality Management 33(1). Pp. 135-150
Published
2022-06-28
How to Cite
Barsulai, S. (2022, June 28). Effect of Time-Based Conflict on Employee Productivity: Does Altruism Matter? A Reflection from star-rated Hotels in Kenya. African Journal of Education,Science and Technology, 7(1), Pg 194-208. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2022/ajest.v7i1.767
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