Evaluation of Repellent and Larvicidal Activity of Cymbopogon Citratus (Lemon Grass) Against Filarial Vector, Culex Quinquefasciatus
Keywords:
Poarceae, Culex quinquefasciatus, Cymbopogon citratus, larvicidal activity
Abstract
In search for a suitable alternative biocontrol technique to chemical insecticides, the larvicidal and repellent activity of Cymbopogon citratus (Lemon grass), against filarial mosquito vector, Culex quinquefasciatus larvae and adults was evaluated between April 2010 and March, 2011. Cymbopogon citratus (bush minth) belonging to the family, Poarceae is common and widely distributed in the South-eastern, Nigeria. The repellent and larvicidal activity of the ethanol extract of this plant against the filarial vector, Culex quinquefasciatus 3rd intar larvae and adults respectively was investigated for 48 hours. The extract was screened chemically for phytochemicals and showed presence of Alkaloids, Flavonoids, Tannins, Saponins and Steroids. The extract showed larvicidal activity with Lethal Concentration LC50, LC90 values of 91.765mg/l and 174.156mg/l respectively; and repellent activity with Effective Dose, ED50, ED90 values of 40.541mg/l and 330.728mg/l respectively. Adult mosquito repellency and larval mosquito mortality significantly and positively correlated with the concentrations of the ethanol extract (p<0.05). This study revealed that an indigenous plant, Cymbopogon citratus could be considered as potential natural larvicidal and repellent agent against mosquitoes.
References
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Ranaweera, S. (1996). Mosquito larvicidal activity of some Sri Lankan plants. Journal of National Science Council of Sri Lanka, 24(2): 63-70.
Shadia, E.A., Elsayed, A.O. & Aly, S.S (2007). Chemical composition of Ocimum americanum essential oils and biological effect against Agrotis ipsilon (Lepidoptera: noctuidea). Research Journal of Agriculture and Biological Science, 3 (6): 740-747.
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WHO (2009). Guideline for efficacy testing of mosquito repellents for human skin. World Health Organization Pesticide Evaluation Scheme (WHOPES). WHO/HTM/NTD/WHOPES Pp. 1-30
Aidarosis, M., Kokob, W. & Galalb, M. (2005). Evaluation of repellent and larvicidal activity of Ocimum basilicum L and Cymbopogon citratus against Culex quinquefasciatus. Intl, chern. Pharm. Medical Journal, 2 (2): 243-246.
Akram, W., Khan, H.A.A., Hafeez, F., Bilal, H., Kim, Y.K. & Lee, J. (2010). Potential of citrus seed extracts against dangue fever mosquito, Aedes albopictus (skuse) (Culicidae: Deptera). Pakistan Journal of Botany, 42(4): 33433348.
Amusan, A.A.S., Idowu, A.B. & Arowolo, F.S (2005). Comparative toxicity effect of bush tea leaves (Hyptis suaveolens) and orange peels (Citrus sinesis) oil extracts on larvae of the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti. Tanzania Health Research, Bulletin, 7: 174-178.
Ansari, M.A. & Razdam, R.K. (1995). Relative efficacy of various oils in repelling mosquito. Indian Journal of Malariaology, 32:104.
Aranda C, Eritja R. & Roiz D, (2006). First record and establishment of the mosquito Aedes albopictus in Spain. Medical and Veterinary Entomology, 20:150-152.
Bipul, R., Reji, G., India, B. & Singh, L. (2012). Larvicidal activity of some essential oil hydrolates against dengue and filariasis vectors. E3 Journal of Medical Research, 1:1416.
Carey, A.F., Wang, G., Su, C.Y., Zwiebel, L.J. & Carison, J.R (2010). Odorant reception in the malaria Mosquito-Anopheles gambiae. Nature, 464: 66-71.
Cheng, S.S., Huang, C.G., Chen, Y.Y.J., Yu, J.J., Chen, W.J. & Chang, S.T. (2009). Chemical compositions and larvicidal activities of leaf essential oils from two eucalyptus species. Bioresource Technol.,100: 452–456.
Das, N.G., Goswami, D. & Rabha, B. (2007). Preliminary evaluation of mosquito larvicidal efficacy of plants extracts. Journal of Vector Borne Diseases, 44: 145-148.
Dua, V.K, Pandey, A.C. & Dash, A.P.P. (2010). Adulticidal activity of essential oil of Lantana camara leaves against mosquitoes. Indian Journal of Medical Research.,131:434-439.
Edeoga, H.O., Omosun, G. & Uche, L.C. (2006). Chemical composition of Hyptis suaveolens and Ocimum gratissimum hybrids from Nigeria. African Journal of Biotechnology, 5 (10): 892-895.
Evans, W.C. (2002). Trease and Evans pharmagnosy (15th Edition). W.B Saunders company Ltd. P.135-150.
Finney, D.J. (1971). Probit analysis (third edition). Cambridge university press. UK. 38p.
Gershen, J. & Dudareva, N. (2007). The function of terpene natural products in the natural world. Nature Chemical Biology, 3:408-414.
Gopieshkhanna, V. & Kannabiran, K. (2007). Larvicidal effect of Hemidesmus indicus, Gymnema sylvestre and Edipta prostrate against Culex quinqurefasciatus mosquito larva. African journal of Biotechnology, 6(3): 307-311.
Harborne, J.B. (1984). Phytochemical methods. Chapman and Hall, London. p166-226.
Hedin, P.A. (1983). Plant resistance to insecticides. American chemistry society, washinton. p370.
Hemingway, J, Ranson H, (2000). Insecticide Resistance in Insect Vectors of Human Disease. Annual Review of Entomology, 45: 371-391.
Kalu, I.G., Ofoegbu, U., Eroegbusi, J., Nwachukwu, C.U. & Ibeh, B. (2010). Larvicidal activities of ethanol extract of Allium sativum (garilic bulb) against the filarial vector, Culex quinquefasciatus. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 4(6): 496498.
Kumar, M.S & Maneemegalai, S. (2008). Evaluation of larvicidal effects of Lantana camara Linn against mosquito species Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus. Advances in Biological Research, 2(3-4): 39-43.
Logan, J.G., Stanczyk, N.M., Hassanali, A., Kemei, J., Santa, A.E.G., Ribeiro, K.A.L., Pickett, J.A.& Mordane, L.A. (2010). Arm-in-cage testing of natural human-derived mosquito repellents. Malaria journal, 9: 239.
Mgbemena, I.C. (2010). Comparative evaluation of larvicidal potentials of three plants extracts on Aedes aegypti. Journal of American Science, 6(10): 435-440.
Moore, S.J., Lenglet, A. & Hill, N. (2006). In: Insect repellents: principles, methods and use. Debboun, M., Francis, S.P. and Sickman, D. edition. Boca Raton Floid: CRC press; Plant-based insect repellents: Herodotus: the histories. Penguin. P 91.
Nazar, S., Ravikumar, S., Prakash, G.W., Syed, A. M. & Sauganthi, P. (2009). Screening of Indian coastal plant extracts for larvicidal activity of Culex quinquefasciatus. Indian Journal of Science and Technology, 2 (3): 24-27.
Oyedele, A., Gbolade, A., Sosan, M., Adewoyin, F., Soyelu, O. & Orafidiya, O. (2002). Formation of an effective mosquito repellent topical product from lemon grass. Phytomedicine, 9: 359-362.
Pushpanathan, T., Jebanesan, A. & Govindarajan, M. (2006). Larvicidal, ovicidal and repellent activities of Cymbopogon citratus (Graminae) essential oil against the filarial mosquito, Culex quinquefasciatus (say) (Diptera: Culicidae). Tropical Biomedicine, 23(2): 208212.
Ramaiah KD Das PK, Michael E. & Guyatt H (2006). The Economic Burden of Lymphatic filariasis in India. Parasitol Today, 16 (6): 251-253
Ranaweera, S. (1996). Mosquito larvicidal activity of some Sri Lankan plants. Journal of National Science Council of Sri Lanka, 24(2): 63-70.
Shadia, E.A., Elsayed, A.O. & Aly, S.S (2007). Chemical composition of Ocimum americanum essential oils and biological effect against Agrotis ipsilon (Lepidoptera: noctuidea). Research Journal of Agriculture and Biological Science, 3 (6): 740-747.
Tiwary M, Naik SN, Tewary DK, Mittal P.K. & Yadav S (2007). Chemical composition and larvicidal activities of the essential oil of Zanthoxylum armatum DC (Rutaceae) against three mosquito vectors. Journal of Vector-Borne Diseases, 44: 198–204.
WHO (2005). Guidelines for laboratory and field testing of mosquito larvicides. WHO pesticide evaluation scheme. WHO/CDS/WHOPES/GCD. WHO Geneva. Pp 40.
WHO (2009). Guideline for efficacy testing of mosquito repellents for human skin. World Health Organization Pesticide Evaluation Scheme (WHOPES). WHO/HTM/NTD/WHOPES Pp. 1-30
Published
2018-04-05
How to Cite
A.O., E., C.C., A., M.C., I., H.C., N., I. O., E.-E., & N.M, O. (2018, April 5). Evaluation of Repellent and Larvicidal Activity of Cymbopogon Citratus (Lemon Grass) Against Filarial Vector, Culex Quinquefasciatus. African Journal of Education,Science and Technology, 3(4), pp 25-32. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2022/ajest.v3i4.72
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